The Gerard W. Ostheimer lecture is given annually to members of the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology.

This lecture summarizes new and emerging literature that informs the clinical practice of obstetric anesthesiologists. In this review, some of the most influential articles discussed in the 2021 virtual lecture are highlighted.

Themes include maternal mortality; disparities and social determinants of health; cognitive function, mental health, and recovery; quality and safety; operations, value, and economics; clinical controversies and dogmas; epidemics and pandemics; fetal-neonatal and child health; general clinical care; basic and translational science; and the future of peripartum anesthetic care.

Practice-changing evidence is presented and evaluated. A priority list for clinical updates, systems, and quality improvement initiatives is presented.